The Italian Twist of the Achille Lauro Incident: A Diplomatic Masterclass

Fifty years ago, on October 7, 1985, a dramatic episode unfolded at sea that would test the diplomatic prowess and political maneuvering of Italy. The Achille Lauro, a cruise ship under the Naples fleet, became the stage for an international crisis when it was hijacked by a Palestinian commando group near Egyptian waters. Among those on board was American Jewish tourist Leon Klinghoffer, who tragically lost his life during this ordeal. For two tense days, hostages remained captive before their eventual release—a moment that would echo in diplomatic chambers worldwide.

Italian Ambassador to Cairo, Migliuolo, coined the term “the Italian twist” when explaining how Italy navigated the complex international waters stirred by the hijacking and subsequent demands from Washington for the terrorists’ extradition. This phrase encapsulates an intricate dance of diplomacy and strategy—a hallmark of Italian political life, as evidenced by the careers of leaders like Giulio Andreotti and Bettino Craxi.

The Achille Lauro incident became a litmus test for Italy’s resolve against terrorism and its relations with allies such as the United States. The decision to allow the hijacked Egyptian plane carrying the terrorists, including the notorious Abu Abbas, to land at Sigonella Air Base was fraught with controversy. It sparked tensions not only with American authorities but also within Italian political circles and amongst international partners.

Italian officials, faced with immense pressure, devised a solution that would allow them to navigate between conflicting demands without directly confronting their powerful ally, the United States. The terrorists were eventually sheltered in an Egyptian cultural institute in Rome, which benefited from diplomatic immunity—a clever yet contentious move. This action was emblematic of what Italian political commentators have referred to as “the art of the inghippo,” a uniquely Italian approach characterized by cunning and finesse.

The repercussions of these decisions were significant, leading to strained relations with not only the United States but also Egypt, Israel, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The diplomatic fallout illustrated the delicate balance Italy sought between maintaining international alliances and navigating its regional interests.

The Achille Lauro saga offers a window into the complexities of Cold War-era diplomacy. It underscores how nations often resort to intricate maneuvers in pursuit of national interest—maneuvers that can sometimes blur ethical lines but nonetheless reflect a deep engagement with the art of statecraft. As Italy continues to play a pivotal role on the global stage, the lessons from this episode remain relevant, reminding us of the perennial challenges and nuances inherent in international relations.

Original Article Source: La Repubblica